Waveguides are the fundamental principle of guided wave testing (GWT), one of the many methods of non-destructive evaluation. Other uses of waveguides are in transmitting power between the components of a system such as radio, radar or optical devices.
The phenomenon of sound waves guided through a taut wire have been known for a long time, as well as sound through a hollow pipe such as a cave or medical stethoscope. The uses of waveguides for transmitting signals were known even before the term was coined. Waveguide supplying power for the Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Photon Source. Commonly used waveguides are rectangular and circular in shape. Irregular shapes are difficult to analyse. Īny shape of crossection of waveguide can support EM waves. The SOFAR channel layer in the ocean can guide the sound of whale song across enormous distances. Some naturally occurring structures can also act as waveguides. The frequency of the transmitted wave also dictates the size of a waveguide: each waveguide has a cutoff wavelength determined by its size and will not conduct waves of greater wavelength an optical fiber that guides light will not transmit microwaves which have a much larger wavelength. The geometry of a waveguide reflects its function in addition to more common types that channel the wave in one dimension, there are two-dimensional slab waveguides which confine waves to two dimensions. In acoustics, air ducts and horns are used as waveguides for sound in musical instruments and loudspeakers, and specially-shaped metal rods conduct ultrasonic waves in ultrasonic machining. Dielectric waveguides are used at higher radio frequencies, and transparent dielectric waveguides and optical fibers serve as waveguides for light. The original and most common meaning is a hollow conductive metal pipe used to carry high frequency radio waves, particularly microwaves.
There are different types of waveguides for different types of waves. Without the physical constraint of a waveguide, wave intensities decrease according to the inverse square law as they expand into three dimensional space. Electric field Ex component of the TE31 mode inside an x-band hollow metal waveguide.Ī waveguide is a structure that guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound, with minimal loss of energy by restricting the transmission of energy to one direction.
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